Journal: European Journal of Neurology

Article Title: Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Q in cerebrospinal fluid reflects ependymal cell dysfunction and is a potential biomarker for adult chronic hydrocephalus

doi: 10.1111/ene.14575

Figure Lengend Snippet: Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Q (PTPRQ) immunohistochemistry and mRNA in situ hybridization. Immunohistochemistry of the post‐mortem brain tissue using anti‑PTPRQ antibodies. (a) and (b) are serial sections of the choroid plexus (CP), and (c), (d) and (e) are serial sections of the ependymal lining (EL) of the third ventricle in patients with idiopathic normal‐pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). PTPRQ immunostaining (a, c) is completely abolished following addition of the antigen peptide to the primary antibody solution (b, d). (a), (b), (c) and (d) are serial sections in case 10 (Tables , , ). (e) The ependymal cells were immunofluorescently stained with anti‑PTPRQ antibody in case 8. The nuclei in the ependymal cells were immunostained with anti‑PTPRQ antibody and Hoechst, and the sections were examined under a confocal scanning microscope. Scale bar = 20 μm. The results from mRNA in situ hybridization were analysed by counting existing dots of mRNA in patients with iNPH (Tables , , : case 8, male, 72 years). PTPRQ mRNA was expressed in the cytoplasm of ependymal cells (f) and the CP (g) in iNPH patients (black and white arrows). Each red dot (black/white arrow) indicates one mRNA copy. Scale bar = 20 μm.

Article Snippet: In situ hybridization was performed on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections of periventricular samples in the iNPH and NC groups using the GeneticLab QuantiGene ViewRNA in situ hybridization tissue evaluation kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.).

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry, In Situ Hybridization, Immunostaining, Staining, Microscopy